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《道德经》中英文对照《Tao Te Ching》中

白龍王道場 万灵易玄风水 2019-09-06
美国东方大学教授导师易学泰斗许少峰关注



老子:「道德经」:第三十一章


夫兵者,不祥之器,


物或恶之,故有道者不处。


君子居则贵左,用兵则贵右。


兵者不祥之器,非君子之器,


不得已而用之,恬淡为上。


胜而不美,而美之者,是乐杀人。


夫乐杀人者,则不可得志于天下矣。


吉事尚左,凶事尚右。


偏将军居左,上将军居右,言以丧礼处之。


杀人之众,以悲哀泣之,战胜以丧礼处之。


Chapter31


Nowarms,howeverbeautiful,areinstrumentsofevilomen,hateful,itmaybesaid,toallcreatures.ThereforetheywhohavetheTaodonotliketoemploythem.


Thesuperiormanordinarilyconsidersthelefthandthemosthonourableplace,butintimeofwartherighthand.Thosesharpweaponsareinstrumentsofevilomen,andnottheinstrumentsofthesuperiorman;——heusesthemonlyonthecompulsionofnecessity.Calmandreposearewhatheprizes;victory(byforceofarms)istohimundesirable.Toconsiderthisdesirablewouldbetodelightintheslaughterofmen;andhewhodelightsintheslaughterofmencannotgethiswillinthekingdom.


Onoccasionsoffestivitytobeonthelefthandistheprizedposition;onoccasionsofmourning,therighthand.Thesecondincommandofthearmyhashisplaceontheleft;thegeneralcommandinginchiefhashisontheright;——hisplace,thatis,isassignedtohimasintheritesofmourning.Hewhohaskilledmultitudesofmenshouldweepforthemwiththebitterestgrief;andthevictorinbattlehashisplace(rightly)accordingtothoserites.


——


老子:「道德经」:第三十二章


道常无名朴。


虽小,天下莫能臣。


侯王若能守之,万物将自宾。


天地相合,以降甘露,民莫之令而自均。


始制有名,名亦既有,


夫亦将知止,知止可以不殆。


譬道之在天下,犹川谷之于江海。


Chapter32


TheTao,consideredasunchanging,hasnoname.


Thoughinitsprimordialsimplicityitmaybesmall,thewholeworlddaresnotdealwith(oneembodying)itasaminister.Ifafeudalprinceorthekingcouldguardandholdit,allwouldspontaneouslysubmitthemselvestohim.


HeavenandEarth(underitsguidance)unitetogetherandsenddownthesweetdew,which,withoutthedirectionsofmen,reachesequallyeverywhereasofitsownaccord.


Assoonasitproceedstoaction,ithasaname.Whenitoncehasthatname,(men)canknowtorestinit.Whentheyknowtorestinit,theycanbefreefromallriskoffailureanderror.


TherelationoftheTaotoalltheworldislikethatofthegreatriversandseastothestreamsfromthevalleys.


——


老子:「道德经」:第三十三章


知人者智,自知者明。


胜人者有力,自胜者强。


知足者富。


强行者有志。


不失其所者久。


死而不亡者寿。


Chapter33


Hewhoknowsothermenisdiscerning;hewhoknowshimselfisintelligent.Hewhoovercomesothersisstrong;hewhoovercomeshimselfismighty.Hewhoissatisfiedwithhislotisrich;hewhogoesonactingwithenergyhasa(firm)will.


Hewhodoesnotfailintherequirementsofhisposition,continueslong;hewhodiesandyetdoesnotperish,haslongevity.


——


老子:「道德经」:第三十四章


大道泛兮,其可左右。


万物恃之以生而不辞,功成而不有。


衣养万物而不为主,可名于小﹔


万物归焉而不为主,可名为大。


以其终不自为大,故能成其大。


Chapter34


All-pervadingistheGreatTao!Itmaybefoundonthelefthandandontheright.


Allthingsdependonitfortheirproduction,whichitgivestothem,notonerefusingobediencetoit.Whenitsworkisaccomplished,itdoesnotclaimthenameofhavingdoneit.Itclothesallthingsaswithagarment,andmakesnoassumptionofbeingtheirlord;——itmaybenamedinthesmallestthings.Allthingsreturn(totheirrootanddisappear),anddonotknowthatitisitwhichpresidesovertheirdoingso;——itmaybenamedinthegreatestthings.


Hencethesageisable(inthesameway)toaccomplishhisgreatachievements.Itisthroughhisnotmakinghimselfgreatthathecanaccomplishthem.


——


老子:「道德经」:第三十五章


执大象,天下往。


往而不害,安平泰。


乐与饵,过客止。


道之出口,淡乎其无味,


视之不足见,听之不足闻,用之不足既。


Chapter35


TohimwhoholdsinhishandstheGreatImage(oftheinvisibleTao),thewholeworldrepairs.Menresorttohim,andreceivenohurt,but(find)rest,peace,andthefeelingofease.


Musicanddaintieswillmakethepassinggueststop(foratime)。


ButthoughtheTaoasitcomesfromthemouth,seemsinsipidandhasnoflavour,thoughitseemsnotworthbeinglookedatorlistenedto,theuseofitisinexhaustible.


——


老子:「道德经」:第三十六章


将欲歙之,必故张之﹔将欲弱之,必故强之﹔


将欲废之,必故兴之﹔将欲取之,必故与之。


是谓微明。


柔弱胜刚强。


鱼不可脱于渊,国之利器不可以示人。


Chapter36


Whenoneisabouttotakeaninspiration,heissuretomakea(previous)expiration;whenheisgoingtoweakenanother,hewillfirststrengthenhim;whenheisgoingtooverthrowanother,hewillfirsthaveraisedhimup;whenheisgoingtodespoilanother,hewillfirsthavemadegiftstohim:——thisiscalled‘Hidingthelight(ofhisprocedure)。’


Thesoftovercomesthehard;andtheweakthestrong.


Fishesshouldnotbetakenfromthedeep;instrumentsfortheprofitofastateshouldnotbeshowntothepeople.


——


老子:「道德经」:第三十七章


道常无为而无不为。


侯王若能守之,万物将自化。


化而欲作,吾将镇之以无名之朴。


镇之以无名之朴,夫将不欲。


不欲以静,天下将自正。


Chapter37


TheTaoinitsregularcoursedoesnothing(forthesakeofdoingit),andsothereisnothingwhichitdoesnotdo.


Ifprincesandkingswereabletomaintainit,allthingswouldofthemselvesbetransformedbythem.


Ifthistransformationbecametomeanobjectofdesire,Iwouldexpressthedesirebythenamelesssimplicity.


SimplicitywithoutanameIsfreefromallexternalaim.Withnodesire,atrestandstill,Allthingsgorightasoftheirwill.


——


老子:「道德经」:第三十八章


上德不德,是以有德﹔


下德不失德,是以无德。


上德无为而无以为﹔


下德无为而有以为。


上仁为之而无以为﹔


上义为之而有以为。


上礼为之而莫之应,


则攘臂而扔之。


故失道而后德,失德而后仁,


失仁而后义,失义而后礼。


夫礼者,忠信之薄,而乱之首。


前识者,道之华,而愚之始。


是以大丈夫处其厚,不居其薄﹔


处其实,不居其华。故去彼取此。


Chapter38


(Thosewho)possessedinhighestdegreetheattributes(oftheTao)didnot(seek)toshowthem,andthereforetheypossessedthem(infullestmeasure)。(Thosewho)possessedinalowerdegreethoseattributes(soughthow)nottolosethem,andthereforetheydidnotpossessthem(infullestmeasure)。


(Thosewho)possessedinthehighestdegreethoseattributesdidnothing(withapurpose),andhadnoneedtodoanything.(Thosewho)


possessedtheminalowerdegreewere(always)doing,andhadneedtobesodoing.


(Thosewho)possessedthehighestbenevolencewere(alwaysseeking)


tocarryitout,andhadnoneedtobedoingso.(Thosewho)


possessedthehighestrighteousnesswere(alwaysseeking)tocarryitout,andhadneedtobesodoing.


(Thosewho)possessedthehighest(senseof)proprietywere(alwaysseeking)toshowit,andwhenmendidnotrespondtoit,theybaredthearmandmarcheduptothem.


ThusitwasthatwhentheTaowaslost,itsattributesappeared;


whenitsattributeswerelost,benevolenceappeared;whenbenevolencewaslost,righteousnessappeared;andwhenrighteousnesswaslost,theproprietiesappeared.


Nowproprietyistheattenuatedformofleal-heartednessandgoodfaith,andisalsothecommencementofdisorder;swiftapprehensionis(only)afloweroftheTao,andisthebeginningofstupidity.


ThusitisthattheGreatmanabidesbywhatissolid,andeschewswhatisflimsy;dwellswiththefruitandnotwiththeflower.Itisthusthatheputsawaytheoneandmakeschoiceoftheother


——


老子:「道德经」:第三十九章


昔之得一者:


天得一以清﹔


地得一以宁﹔


神得一以灵﹔


谷得一以生﹔


侯得一以为天下正。


其致之也,谓天无以清,将恐裂﹔


地无以宁,将恐废﹔


神无以灵,将恐歇﹔


谷无以盈,将恐竭﹔


万物无以生,将恐灭﹔


侯王无以正,将恐蹶。


故贵以贱为本,高以下为基。


是以侯王自称孤、寡、不谷。


此非以贱为本邪。非乎。故致誉无誉。


是故不欲琭琭如玉,珞珞如石。


Chapter39


ThethingswhichfromofoldhavegottheOne(theTao)are——


Heavenwhichbyitisbrightandpure;


Earthrenderedtherebyfirmandsure;


Spiritswithpowersbyitsupplied;


ValleyskeptfullthroughouttheirvoidAllcreatureswhichthroughitdolivePrincesandkingswhofromitgetThemodelwhichtoalltheygive.


AllthesearetheresultsoftheOne(Tao)。


Ifheavenwerenotthuspure,itsoonwouldrend;


Ifearthwerenotthussure,‘twouldbreakandbend;


Withoutthesepowers,thespiritssoonwouldfail;


Ifnotsofilled,thedroughtwouldparcheachvale;


Withoutthatlife,creatureswouldpassaway;


Princesandkings,withoutthatmoralsway,Howevergrandandhigh,wouldalldecay.


Thusitisthatdignityfindsits(firm)rootinits(previous)


meanness,andwhatisloftyfindsitsstabilityinthelowness(fromwhichitrises)。Henceprincesandkingscallthemselves‘Orphans,’‘Menofsmallvirtue,’andas‘Carriageswithoutanave.’Isnotthisanacknowledgmentthatintheirconsideringthemselvesmeantheyseethefoundationoftheirdignity?Soitisthatintheenumerationofthedifferentpartsofacarriagewedonotcomeonwhatmakesitanswertheendsofacarriage.Theydonotwishtoshowthemselveselegant-lookingasjade,but(prefer)tobecoarse-lookingasan(ordinary)stone.


「道德經」:第四十章


反者道之动﹔弱者道之用。


天下万物生于有,有生于无。


Chapter40


ThemovementoftheTaoBycontrariesproceeds;


AndweaknessmarksthecourseOfTao‘smightydeeds.


AllthingsunderheavensprangfromItasexisting(andnamed);


thatexistencesprangfromItasnon-existent(andnotnamed)。


老子:「道德经」:第四十一章


上士闻道,勤而行之﹔中士闻道,若存若亡﹔


下士闻道,大笑之。不笑不足以为道。


故建言有之:


明道若昧﹔进道若退﹔夷道若颣﹔上德若谷﹔广德若不足﹔建德若偷﹔质真若渝﹔大白若辱﹔大方无隅﹔大器晚成﹔大音希声﹔大象无形﹔道隐无名。


夫唯道,善贷且成。


Chapter41


Scholarsofthehighestclass,whentheyhearabouttheTao,earnestlycarryitintopractice.Scholarsofthemiddleclass,whentheyhaveheardaboutit,seemnowtokeepitandnowtoloseit.Scholarsofthelowestclass,whentheyhaveheardaboutit,laughgreatlyatit.Ifitwerenot(thus)laughedat,itwouldnotbefittobetheTao.


Thereforethesentence-makershavethusexpressedthemselves:——


‘TheTao,whenbrightestseen,seemslighttolack;


Whoprogressinitmakes,seemsdrawingback;


Itsevenwayislikearuggedtrack.Itshighestvirtuefromthevaledothrise;


Itsgreatestbeautyseemstooffendtheeyes;


Andhehasmostwhoselottheleastsupplies.Itsfirmestvirtueseemsbutpoorandlow;


Itssolidtruthseemschangetoundergo;


ItslargestsquaredothyetnocornershowAvesselgreat,itistheslowestmade;


Loudisitssound,butneverworditsaid;


Asemblancegreat,theshadowofashade.‘


TheTaoishidden,andhasnoname;butitistheTaowhichisskilfulatimparting(toallthingswhattheyneed)andmakingthemcomplete.


——


老子:「道德经」:第四十二章


道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物。


万物负阴而抱阳,冲气以为和。


人之所恶,唯孤、寡、不谷,而王公以为称。


故物或损之而益,或益之而损。


人之所教,我亦教之。


强梁者不得其死,吾将以为教父。


Chapter42


TheTaoproducedOne;OneproducedTwo;TwoproducedThree;


ThreeproducedAllthings.AllthingsleavebehindthemtheObscurity(outofwhichtheyhavecome),andgoforwardtoembracetheBrightness(intowhichtheyhaveemerged),whiletheyareharmonisedbytheBreathofVacancy.


Whatmendislikeistobeorphans,tohavelittlevirtue,tobeascarriageswithoutnaves;andyetthesearethedesignationswhichkingsandprincesuseforthemselves.Soitisthatsomethingsareincreasedbybeingdiminished,andothersarediminishedbybeingincreased.


Whatothermen(thus)teach,Ialsoteach.Theviolentandstrongdonotdietheirnaturaldeath.Iwillmakethisthebasisofmyteaching.


——


老子:「道德经」:第四十三章


天下之至柔,驰骋天下之至坚。


无有入无间,吾是以知无为之有益。


不言之教,无为之益,天下希及之。


Chapter43


Thesoftestthingintheworlddashesagainstandovercomesthehardest;thatwhichhasno(substantial)existenceenterswherethereisnocrevice.Iknowherebywhatadvantagebelongstodoingnothing(withapurpose)。


Therearefewintheworldwhoattaintotheteachingwithoutwords,andtheadvantagearisingfromnon-action.


——


老子:「道德经」:第四十四章


名与身孰亲。身与货孰多。得与亡孰病。


甚爱必大费﹔多藏必厚亡。


故知足不辱,知止不殆,可以长久。


Chapter44


Orfameorlife,Whichdoyouholdmoredear?


Orlifeorwealth,Towhichwouldyouadhere?


Keeplifeandlosethoseotherthings;


Keepthemandloseyourlife:——whichbringsSorrowandpainmorenear?


Thuswemaysee,WhocleavestofameRejectswhatismoregreat;


WholoveslargestoresGivesupthericherstate.


WhoiscontentNeedsfearnoshame.WhoknowstostopIncursnoblame.FromdangerfreeLongliveshallhe.


——


老子:「道德经」:第四十五章


大成若缺,其用不弊。


大盈若冲,其用不穷。


大直若屈,大巧若拙,大辩若讷。


静胜躁,寒胜热。清静为天下正。


Chapter45


WhothinkshisgreatachievementspoorShallfindhisvigourlongendure.Ofgreatestfulness,deemedavoid,Exhaustionne‘ershallstemthetide.Dothouwhat’sstraightstillcrookeddeem;


Thygreatestartstillstupidseem,Andeloquenceastammeringscream.


Constantactionovercomescold;beingstillovercomesheat.Purityandstillnessgivethecorrectlawtoallunderheaven.


——


老子:「道德经」:第四十六章


天下有道,却走马以粪。


天下无道,戎马生于郊。


祸莫大于不知足﹔咎莫大于欲得。


故知足之足,常足矣。


Chapter46


WhentheTaoprevailsintheworld,theysendbacktheirswifthorsesto(draw)thedung-carts.WhentheTaoisdisregardedintheworld,thewar-horsesbreedintheborderlands.


Thereisnoguiltgreaterthantosanctionambition;nocalamitygreaterthantobediscontentedwithone‘slot;nofaultgreaterthanthewishtobegetting.Thereforethesufficiencyofcontentmentisanenduringandunchangingsufficiency.


——


老子:「道德经」:第四十七章


不出户,知天下﹔不窥牖,见天道。


其出弥远,其知弥少。


是以圣人不行而知,不见而明,不为而成。


Chapter47


Withoutgoingoutsidehisdoor,oneunderstands(allthattakesplace)underthesky;withoutlookingoutfromhiswindow,oneseestheTaoofHeaven.Thefartherthatonegoesout(fromhimself),thelessheknows.


Thereforethesagesgottheirknowledgewithouttravelling;gavetheir(right)namestothingswithoutseeingthem;andaccomplishedtheirendswithoutanypurposeofdoingso.


——


老子:「道德经」:第四十八章


为学日益,为道日损。


损之又损,以至于无为。


无为而无不为。


取天下常以无事,及其有事,不足以取天下。


Chapter48


Hewhodevoteshimselftolearning(seeks)fromdaytodaytoincrease(hisknowledge);hewhodevoteshimselftotheTao(seeks)


fromdaytodaytodiminish(hisdoing)。


Hediminishesitandagaindiminishesit,tillhearrivesatdoingnothing(onpurpose)。Havingarrivedatthispointofnon-action,thereisnothingwhichhedoesnotdo.


Hewhogetsashisownallunderheavendoessobygivinghimselfnotrouble(withthatend)。Ifonetaketrouble(withthatend),heisnotequaltogettingashisownallunderheaven.


——


老子:「道德经」:第四十九章


圣人常无心,以百姓心为心。


善者,吾善之﹔不善者,吾亦善之﹔德善。


信者,吾信之﹔不信者,吾亦信之﹔德信。


圣人在天下,歙歙焉,为天下浑其心,


百姓皆注其耳目,圣人皆孩之。


Chapter49


Thesagehasnoinvariablemindofhisown;hemakesthemindofthepeoplehismind.


Tothosewhoaregood(tome),Iamgood;andtothosewhoarenotgood(tome),Iamalsogood;——andthus(all)gettobegood.Tothosewhoaresincere(withme),Iamsincere;andtothosewhoarenotsincere(withme),Iamalsosincere;——andthus(all)gettobesincere.


Thesagehasintheworldanappearanceofindecision,andkeepshismindinastateofindifferencetoall.Thepeopleallkeeptheireyesandearsdirectedtohim,andhedealswiththemallashischildren.


——


老子:「道德经」:第五十章


出生入死。


生之徒,十有三﹔


死之徒,十有三﹔


人之生,动之于死地,亦十有三。


夫何故。


以其生之厚。


盖闻善摄生者,路行不遇兕虎,入军不被甲兵﹔


兕无所投其角,虎无所用其爪,兵无所容其刃。


夫何故。以其无死地。


Chapter50


Mencomeforthandlive;theyenter(again)anddie.


Ofeverytenthreeareministersoflife(tothemselves);andthreeareministersofdeath.


Therearealsothreeineverytenwhoseaimistolive,butwhosemovementstendtotheland(orplace)ofdeath.Andforwhatreason?


Becauseoftheirexcessiveendeavourstoperpetuatelife.


ButIhaveheardthathewhoisskilfulinmanagingthelifeentrustedtohimforatimetravelsonthelandwithouthavingtoshunrhinocerosortiger,andentersahostwithouthavingtoavoidbuffcoatorsharpweapon.Therhinocerosfindsnoplaceinhimintowhichtothrustitshorn,northetigeraplaceinwhichtofixitsclaws,northeweaponaplacetoadmititspoint.Andforwhatreason?


Becausethereisinhimnoplaceofdeath.


老子:「道德经」:第五十一章


道生之,德畜之,物形之,势成之。


是以万物莫不尊道而贵德。


道之尊,德之贵,夫莫之命而常自然。


故道生之,德畜之﹔


长之育之﹔成之熟之﹔养之覆之。


生而不有,为而不恃,


长而不宰。是谓玄德。


Chapter51


AllthingsareproducedbytheTao,andnourishedbyitsoutflowingoperation.Theyreceivetheirformsaccordingtothenatureofeach,andarecompletedaccordingtothecircumstancesoftheircondition.ThereforeallthingswithoutexceptionhonourtheTao,andexaltitsoutflowingoperation.


ThishonouringoftheTaoandexaltingofitsoperationisnottheresultofanyordination,butalwaysaspontaneoustribute.


ThusitisthattheTaoproduces(allthings),nourishesthem,bringsthemtotheirfullgrowth,nursesthem,completesthem,maturesthem,maintainsthem,andoverspreadsthem.


Itproducesthemandmakesnoclaimtothepossessionofthem;itcarriesthemthroughtheirprocessesanddoesnotvauntitsabilityindoingso;itbringsthemtomaturityandexercisesnocontroloverthem;——thisiscalleditsmysteriousoperation.


——


老子:「道德经」:第五十二章


天下有始,以为天下母。


既得其母,以知其子,


复守其母,没身不殆。


塞其兑,闭其门,终身不勤。


开其兑,济其事,终身不救。


见小曰明,守柔曰强。


用其光,复归其明,无遗身殃﹔是为袭常。


Chapter52


(TheTao)whichoriginatedallundertheskyistobeconsideredasthemotherofthemall.


Whenthemotherisfound,weknowwhatherchildrenshouldbe.Whenoneknowsthatheishismother‘schild,andproceedstoguard(thequalitiesof)themotherthatbelongtohim,totheendofhislifehewillbefreefromallperil.


Lethimkeephismouthclosed,andshutuptheportals(ofhisnostrils),andallhislifehewillbeexemptfromlaboriousexertion.Lethimkeephismouthopen,and(spendhisbreath)inthepromotionofhisaffairs,andallhislifetherewillbenosafetyforhim.


Theperceptionofwhatissmallis(thesecretofclear-sightedness;theguardingofwhatissoftandtenderis(thesecretof)strength.


Whouseswellhislight,Revertingtoits(sourceso)bright,Willfromhisbodywardallblight,Andhidestheunchangingfrommen‘ssight.


老子:「道德经」:第五十三章


使我介然有知,行于大道,唯施是畏。


大道甚夷,而人好径。


朝甚除,田甚芜,仓甚虚﹔


服文采,带利剑,厌饮食,


财货有余﹔是为盗夸。


非道也哉。


Chapter53


IfIweresuddenlytobecomeknown,and(putintoapositionto)conduct(agovernment)accordingtotheGreatTao,whatIshouldbemostafraidofwouldbeaboastfuldisplay.


ThegreatTao(orway)isverylevelandeasy;butpeoplelovetheby-ways.


Theircourt(-yardsandbuildings)shallbewellkept,buttheirfieldsshallbeill-cultivated,andtheirgranariesveryempty.Theyshallwearelegantandornamentedrobes,carryasharpswordattheirgirdle,pamperthemselvesineatinganddrinking,andhaveasuperabundanceofpropertyandwealth;——such(princes)maybecalledrobbersandboasters.ThisiscontrarytotheTaosurely!


——


老子:「道德经」:第五十四章


善建者不拔,


善抱者不脱,子孙以祭祀不辍。


修之于身,其德乃真﹔


修之于家,其德乃余﹔


修之于乡,其德乃长﹔


修之于邦,其德乃丰﹔


修之于天下,其德乃普。


故以身观身,


以家观家,以乡观乡,


以邦观邦,以天下观天下。


吾何以知天下然哉。以此。


Chapter54


What(Tao‘s)skilfulplanterplantsCanneverbeuptorn;


Whathisskilfularmsenfold,Fromhimcanne‘erbeborne.Sonsshallbringinlengtheningline,Sacrificestohisshrine.


Taowhennursedwithinone‘sself,Hisvigourwillmaketrue;


AndwherethefamilyitrulesWhatricheswillaccrue!


TheneighbourhoodwhereitprevailsInthrivingwillabound;


Andwhen‘tisseenthroughoutthestate,Goodfortunewillbefound.Employitthekingdomo’er,Andmenthriveallaround.


Inthiswaytheeffectwillbeseenintheperson,bytheobservationofdifferentcases;inthefamily;intheneighbourhood;


inthestate;andinthekingdom.


HowdoIknowthatthiseffectissuretoholdthusallunderthesky?Bythis(methodofobservation)。


——


老子:「道德经」:第五十五章


含「德」之厚,比于赤子。


毒虫不螫,猛兽不据,攫鸟不搏。


骨弱筋柔而握固。


未知牝牡之合而峻作,精之至也。


终日号而不嗄,和之至也。


知和曰「常」,


知常曰「明」。


益生曰祥。心使气曰强。


物壮则老,谓之不道,不道早已。


Chapter55


Hewhohasinhimselfabundantlytheattributes(oftheTao)islikeaninfant.Poisonousinsectswillnotstinghim;fiercebeastswillnotseizehim;birdsofpreywillnotstrikehim.


(Theinfant‘s)bonesareweakanditssinewssoft,butyetitsgraspisfirm.Itknowsnotyettheunionofmaleandfemale,andyetitsvirilemembermaybeexcited;——showingtheperfectionofitsphysicalessence.Alldaylongitwillcrywithoutitsthroatbecominghoarse;——showingtheharmony(initsconstitution)。


Tohimbywhomthisharmonyisknown,(Thesecretof)theunchanging(Tao)isshown,Andintheknowledgewisdomfindsitsthrone.Alllife-increasingartstoevilturn;


Wherethemindmakesthevitalbreathtoburn,(False)isthestrength,(ando‘eritweshouldmourn.)


Whenthingshavebecomestrong,they(then)becomeold,whichmaybesaidtobecontrarytotheTao.WhateveriscontrarytotheTaosoonends.


——


老子:「道德经」:第五十六章


知者不言,言者不知。


挫其锐,解其纷,和其光,


同其尘,是谓「玄同」。


故不可得而亲,不可得而疏﹔


不可得而利,不可得而害﹔


不可得而贵,不可得而贱。故为天下贵。


Chapter56


Hewhoknows(theTao)doesnot(careto)speak(aboutit);hewhois(everreadyto)speakaboutitdoesnotknowit.


He(whoknowsit)willkeephismouthshutandclosetheportals(ofhisnostrils)。Hewillblunthissharppointsandunravelthecomplicationsofthings;hewillattemperhisbrightness,andbringhimselfintoagreementwiththeobscurity(ofothers)。Thisiscalled‘theMysteriousAgreement.’


(Suchanone)cannotbetreatedfamiliarlyordistantly;heisbeyondallconsiderationofprofitorinjury;ofnobilityormeanness:——heisthenoblestmanunderheaven.


——


老子:「道德经」:第五十七章


以正治国,以奇用兵,以无事取天下。


吾何以知其然哉。以此:


天下多忌讳,而民弥贫﹔


人多利器,国家滋昏﹔


人多伎巧,奇物滋起﹔


法令滋彰,盗贼多有。


故圣人云:


「我无为,而民自化﹔


我好静,而民自正﹔


我无事,而民自富﹔


我无欲,而民自朴。」


Chapter57


Astatemayberuledby(measuresof)correction;weaponsofwarmaybeusedwithcraftydexterity;(but)thekingdomismadeone‘sown(only)byfreedomfromactionandpurpose.


HowdoIknowthatitisso?Bythesefacts:——Inthekingdomthemultiplicationofprohibitiveenactmentsincreasesthepovertyofthepeople;themoreimplementstoaddtotheirprofitthatthepeoplehave,thegreaterdisorderisthereinthestateandclan;themoreactsofcraftydexteritythatmenpossess,themoredostrangecontrivancesappear;themoredisplaythereisoflegislation,themorethievesandrobbersthereare.


Thereforeasagehassaid,‘Iwilldonothing(ofpurpose),andthepeoplewillbetransformedofthemselves;Iwillbefondofkeepingstill,andthepeoplewillofthemselvesbecomecorrect.Iwilltakenotroubleaboutit,andthepeoplewillofthemselvesbecomerich;Iwillmanifestnoambition,andthepeoplewillofthemselvesattaintotheprimitivesimplicity.’


——


老子:「道德经」:第五十八章


其政闷闷,其民淳淳﹔


其政察察,其民缺缺。


是以圣人方而不割,廉而不刿,


直而不肆,光而不耀。


祸兮福之所倚,福兮祸之所伏。


孰知其极。其无正也。


正复为奇,善复为妖。


人之迷,其日固久。


Chapter58


Thegovernmentthatseemsthemostunwise,Oftgoodnesstothepeoplebestsupplies;


Thatwhichismeddling,touchingeverything,Willworkbutill,anddisappointmentbring.


Misery!——happinessistobefoundbyitsside!Happiness!——miserylurksbeneathit!Whoknowswhateitherwillcometointheend?


Shallwethendispensewithcorrection?The(methodof)correctionshallbyaturnbecomedistortion,andthegoodinitshallbyaturnbecomeevil.Thedelusionofthepeople(onthispoint)hasindeedsubsistedforalongtime.


Thereforethesageis(like)asquarewhichcutsnoone(withitsangles);(like)acornerwhichinjuresnoone(withitssharpness)。


Heisstraightforward,butallowshimselfnolicense;heisbright,butdoesnotdazzle.


——


老子:「道德经」:第五十九章


治人事天,莫若啬。


夫唯啬,是谓早服﹔


早服谓之重积德﹔重积德则无不克﹔


无不克则莫知其极﹔莫知其极,可以有国﹔


有国之母,可以长久﹔


是谓深根固柢,长生久视之道。


Chapter59


Forregulatingthehuman(inourconstitution)andrenderingthe(proper)servicetotheheavenly,thereisnothinglikemoderation.


Itisonlybythismoderationthatthereiseffectedanearlyreturn(toman‘snormalstate)。ThatearlyreturniswhatIcalltherepeatedaccumulationoftheattributes(oftheTao)。Withthatrepeatedaccumulationofthoseattributes,therecomesthesubjugation(ofeveryobstacletosuchreturn)。Ofthissubjugationweknownotwhatshallbethelimit;andwhenoneknowsnotwhatthelimitshallbe,hemaybetherulerofastate.


Hewhopossessesthemotherofthestatemaycontinuelong.Hiscaseislikethat(oftheplant)ofwhichwesaythatitsrootsaredeepanditsflowerstalksfirm:——thisisthewaytosecurethatitsenduringlifeshalllongbeseen.


——


老子:「道德经」:第六十章


治大国,若烹小鲜。


以道莅天下,其鬼不神﹔


非其鬼不神,其神不伤人﹔


非其神不伤人,圣人亦不伤人。


夫两不相伤,故德交归焉。


Chapter60


Governingagreatstateislikecookingsmallfish.


LetthekingdombegovernedaccordingtotheTao,andthemanesofthedepartedwillnotmanifesttheirspiritualenergy.Itisnotthatthosemaneshavenotthatspiritualenergy,butitwillnotbeemployedtohurtmen.Itisnotthatitcouldnothurtmen,butneitherdoestherulingsagehurtthem.


Whenthesetwodonotinjuriouslyaffecteachother,theirgoodinfluencesconvergeinthevirtue(oftheTao).



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